The axis of the ECG is the major direction of the overall electrical activity of the heart. It can be normal, leftward (left axis deviation, or LAD), rightward (right axis deviation, or RAD ...

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a pathologic cardiac condition in which the interventricular septum is abnormally thickened. The classic finding in HOCM is large dagger-like ...

In a “normal” electrocardiogram (ECG), the transition of the QRS axis in the precordial leads occurs between leads V 3 and V 4 (i.e., there is a dominant S in V 3 and a dominant R in V 4).

The resting electrocardiogram (ECG) furnishes essential information for the diagnosis, management, and prognostic evaluation of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Almost any ECG ...

left axis deviation and conduction delays and findings suggestive or diagnostic of primary electrical diseases such as long QT syndrome and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The evaluation of abnormal ...