Former MCM PhD student Anna Bergstrom, pictured here at an Antarctic Family Day event, studies Cryoconite holes in the Dry Valleys. Cryoconite holes are holes in a glacier's surface caused when dirt ...

There is also ice that appears neither white nor blue but rather brown and even black—darkened by a substance called cryoconite. This muddy-looking grit is a key topic of investigation for my ...

These are called "cryoconite holes" and form when dust and sediment on top of the ice melt into the ice because it is darker ...