Enthalpy changes can be calculated from experimental data, and are independent of the route taken (Hess's Law). Equilibria Reversible reactions in closed systems reach equilibrium where the rates ...

Controlling materials at the nanometre scale is one of the great challenges of current interdisciplinary research, reaching from physics and chemistry ... decrease of free enthalpy of the system ...

The values for bond enthalpies are found in the data book. For some bonds, the mean bond enthalpy is quoted. This is to give an average value to work from since the precise enthalpy value for a ...