it becomes apparent that the weak force allows them to change flavour: for example switching a down quark to an up quark or vice versa in beta decay. It sounds quirky, but it is far from ...

The protons and neutrons found in all atoms are made up of quarks. Without quarks, it’s impossible to imagine an atomic nucleus. Therefore, understanding the science that governs quarks is ...

However, it does not account for the other three fundamental forces. The Standard Model of particle physics explains the electromagnetic, nuclear strong, and nuclear weak forces. It describes the ...

This everyday example showcases the practical application of van der Waals forces in creating useful adhesive products. Graphite: The layered structure of graphite is held together by weak van der ...

Over the years, humans have come up with four forces that can be used to describe every single interaction in the physical world. They are gravity, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force that ...