In freely behaving rats, muscimol (0.25 μg) or saline was infused intracerebrally into one of four areas—the supramammillary area (SUM), nucleus accumbens (NAC), ventral pallidum (VP), and ...

Hypertonic saline (HTS) is an osmotic agent that can ... who may administer HTS as resuscitation fluid, continuous infusion, or bolus dose, need to be familiar with physiologic actions, potential ...