Yes. Some have criticized the five-factor model for its origins in data rather than in theory and argued that it does not encompass all fundamental traits (see HEXACO). There is also evidence that ...

124). The theory does so by analyzing the evolution of fitness components, so-called life history traits, and how they interact: size at birth; growth pattern; age and size at maturity ...

Similarly, alleles that have no effect on traits under selection may undergo mutations that do not influence the fitness of the organism carrying them. Proponents of the neutral theory of ...