The simplest way to decipher the code would be to start with an mRNA molecule of known sequence, use it to direct the synthesis of a protein, and then determine the amino acid sequence of the ...

Protein sequencing is a lot more challenging. Nucleic acids have uniform negatively charged backbones, which means that electrophoretic force is enough to move nucleic acids through a nanopore.

Synthetic biologists from Yale were able to re-write the genetic code of an organism — a novel genomically recoded organism ...

Proteins are the workhorses that keep our cells running, and there are many thousands of types of proteins in our cells, each performing a specialized function. Researchers have long known that the ...

Not only are these proteins assembled with different amino acid sequences, but they also are held together by different bonds and folded into a variety of three-dimensional structures. The folded ...

Scientists have long believed they understood how life’s genetic code evolved, but new research upends that assumption. By ...

Scientists have discovered that some tiny segments of RNA thought to be junk instead have a functional role in suppressing ...

And it works selectively on certain amino acid sequences, rather than as a general inhibitor of translation from RNA to proteins." Essentially, what they discovered is that girolline acts by ...

and the researchers can link the changes to a specific sequence of amino acids in their designed peptide. The target peptide is read in this way multiple times, threading back through the pore as the ...

Proteins have four levels of structure: primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (local folding patterns like alpha helices and beta sheets), tertiary (overall 3D shape), and quaternary (assembly of ...

The sequence of amino acids in the chain determines how the chain will fold up to make the protein, so different proteins have different three-dimensional shapes. The three-dimensional shape of a ...