Fluctuations in ancient Earth’s environment might have propelled the chemical complexity that laid the foundation for life.

New research shows that fluctuating environmental conditions helped chemical mixtures self-organize and evolve in structured ...

A new study explores how complex chemical mixtures change under shifting environmental conditions, shedding light on the ...

Covers methods of analyzing the transient behavior of chemical processing systems and components ... engineering charts and tables, vapor-liquid equilibrium, and stoichiometry.

Experiments such as these potentially offer new directions in chemical self-organization. Chemists have been using self-assembly in near-equilibrium polymer systems to create nanoscale structures ...

Coatings, consumer products, filters, cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, and numerous industrial chemical processes all incorporate ... We often study these systems away from equilibrium, for instance ...

Billions of years ago, the molecular building blocks of life emerged from a complex web of chemical and geological processes.

Adding a chemical that is present on either side of the equation will cause a shift in the position of the equilibrium, as the system adjusts to counteract the change. Consider the following ...

Chemical physics is concerned with the application ... various observables and the dynamical activity in far-from-equilibrium systems, with significant implications for stochastic thermodynamics ...

Chemical processes are designed to provide ... Equilibria Reversible reactions in closed systems reach equilibrium where the rates of forward and reverse reactions are constant.