The team isolated the chloroplasts from algal cells using a centrifuge and gentle stirring. Instead of then piercing the host cells’ membranes, as in earlier work, the researchers adjusted the culture ...

In addition to the nucleus, eukaryotic cells may contain several other types of organelles, which may include mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus ...

They include animals, plants, fungi, algae and protozoans ... structural variation – whether a nucleus is present or absent and whether the cell has membrane-bound organelles. The differences are ...

“Ergothioneine is made by mushrooms and a few microorganisms, but the human body has a mechanism that specifically imports and accumulates ergothioneine in cells and organelles susceptible to ...