Purpose: To examine the issue of pain assessment in infants by acquiring all available published pain assessment tools and evaluating their reported reliability, validity, clinical utility ...

Accurate pain reporting in sickle cell disease is critical to effective pain assessment and management, but accuracy depends on patient comprehension of forms.

Research on pain in preterm infants shows frequent painful procedures and inadequate pain management, emphasizing the need for better assessment strategies.

Is There a Link Between Chronic Knee Pain and Depression? Studies show there’s a big connection between chronic knee pain and depression. Learn how you can feel better and find relief.

Objective To develop and evaluate a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to assess people’s knowledge and beliefs about low back pain. Methods This study followed the COnsensus-based Standards ...

Assessment of Risk Factors A self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate injury history with or without shoulder pain, years of swimming experience, and stroke specialty. To assess the ...

Reliability Reliability refers to how reproducible the results of the measure are under different conditions or by different raters. Instruments must first be reliable. Reliability is not a ...