The story of the evolution of the cranio-vertebral joint has been pieced together from evidence from embryology, paleontology and comparative anatomy. Several ancestral vertebrae were incorporated ...

If your symptoms persist, you should check in with your healthcare provider; you may require other treatments such as injections or surgery for your lumbar spine. Understanding the basic anatomy ...

Evolutionary relationships of the classes of vertebrates will be investigated through their anatomy. This course builds on concepts taught in Developmental Biology, providing more detailed analysis of ...