Crucially, the valence electrons are in a higher energy level and so (on average) are further away from the nucleus. This results in a weaker Coulombic force between the nucleus and vlaence electrons ...

Chemistry World welcomes letters, which should be concise (normally fewer than 300 words) and timely. Those selected for publication are subject to editing for clarity and length. Letters should be ...

In the vast expanse of space, where stars are born and planets take shape, one molecule plays a crucial role in interstellar ...

According to calculations, A, B, and C’s electronegativity and electronic chemical potential ... A, B, and C’s MEP surfaces were calculated using the B3LYP/6–311++G (d,p) (Gas) level of theory (Figure ...

Introduction: Currently available dietary recommendations for fluoride provided as “adequate intake” (AI) and “tolerable upper intake level” (UL ... Fluoride ions, owing to their electronegativity, ...

Scientists have uncovered a key mechanism in jellyfish embryos that provides new insights into how the body plan of these ...

For the first time, researchers have been able to measure the quantum state of electrons ejected from atoms that have ...

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major health concern worldwide and requires effective preventive measures. Lp(a) (lipoprotein [a]) has recently garnered attention as an independent risk ...

Now we don't anymore. So now it's a race for the last 30 games here, and our urgency level is going to have to be higher than ever." The Lightning still hold the second wild-card spot in the ...

It could be that you want to do a vocational qualification, which involves some coursework and lots of group work, or it could be that you want to do a more traditional A-level route, or you could ...