Abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical elements in the environment, which affect individual organisms as well as ecosystems. Examples are UV, IR and visible light, radiation ...

Plants live under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions ... MAPK cascades respond to various environmental stress factors by modulating associated gene expression, influencing plant hormone ...

Biotic factors refer to all the living ... feeding back into the system and sustaining the entire ecosystem. Abiotic factors are the nonliving, physical and chemical factors that shape the ...

CMA Chief Executive Sarah Cardell said more competitive mobile ecosystems could foster new innovation and new opportunities across a range of services that millions of people use, be they app ...