Researchers have been working for decades to understand the architecture of the subatomic world. One of the knottier ...

Carnegie Mellon University's Professor Curtis Meyer and his research colleagues explore an uncharted world inside protons and ...

For example, baryons, such as protons and neutrons, are combinations of three quarks bound tightly together by strong force-carrying gluons. When individual quarks are ripped from hadrons ...

In the higher energy picture, composite protons and neutrons (composed of quarks and gluons) interact through quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This residual interaction is the strong nuclear force.

For example, baryons, such as protons and neutrons, are combinations of three quarks bound tightly together by strong force-carrying gluons. Related: Heaviest antimatter particle ever discovered ...

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These strong interactions can kick single quarks or gluons free from the colliding nuclear building blocks with tremendous amounts of energy, which quickly transforms the energetic particles into ...