Intercellular adhesion can be mediated by adherens junctions, tight junctions and desmosomes ... traps P-cadherin in a distinct extracellular structure triggers cadherin endocytosis.

Current management may not completely restore the functions and structure of the ocular surface (Figure 2B). Future developments promise restoration and regeneration of the ocular surface (Figure 2C).

Pemphigus is an autoimmune bullous disease, in which autoantibodies react with the cell–cell adhesion structures, desmosomes, causing blisters and erosions on the oral mucosa and skin.