Both import promotion and export substitution have been used to encourage economic development in various countries. Import substitution has been used to reduce foreign dependency and to encourage development of infant industries (Sawyer and Sprinkle, 2009).

In this article we will discuss about import substitution and export promotion. Most economists and policymakers view LDCs as consisting of large “traditional” and “modern” sectors.

Import-substitution strategies of economic development have generally used tariffs, quotas, and the exchange rate to promote domestic industrialization by allocating resources away from export-good production and toward production

This paper discusses two distinct industrialization strategies: import substitution (IS) and export promotion (EP), analyzing their impacts on economic development and growth.

Import promotion, which has the effect of increasing the foreign competition faced by domestic firms, is much less common. Among major trading countries, import promotion has been employed to defuse political tensions arising from large bilateral trade imbalances, particularly the record trade surpluses of Japan and other East Asian countries ...

In the 1950s and 1960s, there was considerable debate among academics and policy makers on the relative advantages of inward-oriented (or import substitution) policies and outward-oriented (or export promotion) policies, and on the effects of such policies on economic growth in developing countries.

The common terminology of 'import-substitution' (IS) and 'export­ promotion' (EP) can be misleading. The former may be interpreted correctly as identifying policies that are directed towards the reduction of imports (by for instance tariffs) and …

Import Promotion Desk (IPD) promotes the establishment of durable, long-term trade relations between importers and tour operators in Germany and Europe and companies from selected partner countries.

The Center for the Promotion of Imports (Dutch: Centrum tot Bevordering van de Import uit ontwikkelingslanden) from developing countries (internationally known by its Dutch acronym CBI), an agency of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, was established in 1971.

The promotions import tool is a powerful solution for businesses aiming to streamline promotional management and enhance operational efficiency. Instead of manually entering promotional details individually, this tool enables businesses to upload large sets of data all at once—such as start and end dates, eligible products, and more—saving ...